What is IATA and why is it important for industrial packaging?
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) largely determines how goods may be transported safely and efficiently by air. Whereas many companies think of packaging primarily in terms of protection and logistical efficiency, in aviation the bar is set a lot higher: every package must comply exactly with international rules and instructions in order to be accepted by an airline at all. This makes IATA guidelines relevant not only for hazardous materials or medical products, but also precisely for industrial packaging of high-tech equipment, batteries or temperature-sensitive shipments.
So the question is not whether IATA is important to your packaging processes, but how to ensure today that your packaging meets the rules that will be critical for delivery reliability, safety and compliance tomorrow.
What is IATA?
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is the international trade association for airlines. Since its founding in 1945, IATA now represents more than 300 airlines, accounting for more than 80 percent of global air traffic. The organization has one core mission: to develop global standards that ensure safe, reliable and efficient aviation.
It is important to understand the difference between IATA and ICAO. ICAO, the United Nations’ International Civil Aviation Organization, sets the basic legal rules for the air transport of goods, including hazardous materials. IATA then translates these rules into practical guidelines and standards applied by airlines, forwarders and shippers. This creates one uniform method of working worldwide for packing, labeling and transporting goods by air.
For packaging, three IATA publications are particularly relevant:
- Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR): the globally recognized standard for the transportation of dangerous goods by air, including packaging instructions, marking and documentation.
- ULD Regulations (ULDR): guidelines for the specifications and use of Unit Load Devices, such as pallets and containers used in aircraft.
- Perishable Cargo Regulations (PCR) and Temperature Control Regulations (TCR): standards for temperature-sensitive and perishable goods, with special attention to packaging and labeling.
These documents make IATA not only a knowledge institute, but more importantly the party that determines whether your industrial packaging will be accepted by airlines. Without IATA compliance, air cargo is simply not possible.
Why IATA is crucial for industrial packaging
For industrial packaging, IATA determines whether or not shipments can take to the air. Airlines use IATA guidelines as hard acceptance criteria. If a package does not comply, the shipment is refused even before the cargo is on the plane. The consequences are dire: delays, extra costs and reputational damage to customers.
In addition, it is not just about compliance, but also about safety and liability. Industrial packaging often contains valuable, heavy or high-risk products such as high-tech equipment, lithium batteries, chemicals or medical instruments. If these are not properly packed according to IATA standards, it poses risks to crew, passengers and the entire supply chain.
Another crucial aspect is uniformity. Using the same rules worldwide creates a single standard for packaging and documentation. This makes it possible to send shipments to different continents with one type of packaging or label set without having to check interpretations each time. For companies with international supply chains, this means predictability, scalability and lower failure costs.
IATA is not a choice for industrial packaging, but a prerequisite. Only those who design, document and deploy their packaging according to IATA standards can count on airline acceptance and a safe and efficient logistics chain.
Main IATA requirements for packaging
The IATA guidelines are broad, but a few sections stand out clearly for industrial packaging. These are the rules that most often determine design, material selection and documentation in practice.
Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).
The DGR is the worldwide standard for the transportation of hazardous materials by air. It defines all packaging instructions, including maximum quantities per package, mandatory inner and outer packaging, labeling and documentation. Without compliance with the DGR, a shipment will not be accepted.
Lithium and sodium ion batteries
Batteries are one of the riskiest categories. The IATA publishes a separate guideline for this every year that prescribes how batteries should be packed separately, in equipment or as spares. Since 2025, sodium-ion batteries have also been included in these guidelines. For many high-tech companies, this is an immediate challenge, as deviations often lead to shipment delays or rejections.
Dry ice and other refrigerants
Dry ice (UN1845) is widely used as a refrigerant in temperature-sensitive shipments. According to IATA regulations, the net quantity must always be indicated on the package and the Air Waybill. There are also requirements for ventilation and marking. Errors in this area often lead to delays in acceptance checks.
Temperature Controlled and Perishable Cargo
Separate standards exist for perishable and temperature-sensitive products: the Perishable Cargo Regulations (PCR) and the Temperature Control Regulations (TCR). These prescribe the packaging, labels and procedures to be used, including the well-known Time & Temperature Sensitive label that is mandatory for healthcare and biotech shipments worldwide.
Unit Load Device Regulations (ULDR).
For heavy or bulky shipments, ULD rules are important. They define the specifications and safety requirements for pallets, containers and nets used in air cargo. Proper use of ULDs is crucial to avoid damage and safety risks.
Faes as a partner
Complying with IATA regulations requires specialized knowledge and careful preparation. At Faes, we take that responsibility off your hands. As a partner, we determine in advance exactly what requirements your packaging must meet, tailored to the nature of the products, the air cargo route and the specific operator variations of the chosen airline.
When necessary, we test packaging extensively, for example with drop tests or climate and pressure tests, so that performance under air cargo conditions is guaranteed. In doing so, we prevent delays, rejects and unnecessary costs.
By engaging Faes, you have one partner who not only secures the technical requirements, but also manages the complete coordination of packaging. That provides assurance that your shipments are accepted at once and reach their destination without problems.
IATA compliance as a prerequisite for industrial packaging
IATA is the global standard that determines acceptance of industrial packaging for air cargo. For companies, this means that packaging must not only be strong and efficient, but most importantly, it must be fully compliant with Dangerous Goods Regulations, battery and refrigerant guidelines, and rules for ULDs and temperature-sensitive shipments. Failure to comply with these requirements leads almost immediately to delays, additional costs and risks to safety and reputation.
With Faes as your partner, you have the assurance that your packaging is pre-tuned to the correct IATA requirements and tested where necessary. This way, shipments are accepted at once, supply chains remain reliable and costly errors are avoided.