How does an IP test for dust and waterproofness of packaging work?
In industries where equipment and components must perform under harsh conditions, such as high-tech, medical technology and defense, reliable protection is not a luxury but a prerequisite. Dust, moisture and water are common hazards during transportation and storage and can lead to failure, costly downtime or even safety issues.
To objectively measure the degree of protection against these influences, the IP (Ingress Protection) code is used worldwide. This classification is defined in the international standard IEC 60529, which describes how well an enclosure is protected against penetration by solids and liquids. The first digit of the code stands for dust protection, the second for waterproofness.
At Faes, we work closely with renowned partners for IP testing. In this article, we explain exactly what an IP test entails, how it is performed according to the standard and why, for your packaging and ultimately for your product, it can make the difference between trouble-free transport and costly damage.
What is an IP test?
An IP (Ingress Protection) test is a standardized method of determining the degree to which an enclosure, case or package is resistant to penetration by solids such as dust and sand, and to moisture or water. The result of this test is reflected in an IP classification according to the international standard IEC 60529.
The code always consists of the letters IP followed by two digits. The first digit indicates protection against solids, with 0 meaning no protection and 6 being fully dustproof. The second digit indicates protection against water, ranging from no protection (0) to protection against prolonged immersion or powerful water jets (8 or 9).
Example:
- IP65 means completely dustproof (6) and protected against water jets (5).
- IP67 means completely dustproof (6) and protected against temporary immersion in water (7).
An IP test is conducted under controlled conditions by a reputable testing body, exposing the packaging to predetermined test scenarios. This objectively determines whether the packaging meets the desired level of protection.
How does the IP testing procedure work?
Our partners perform IP testing according to the international standard IEC 60529. The process is fully standardized and is matched to the IP classification to be tested. A distinction is made between dust-tightness tests (first digit of the code) and waterproofness tests (second digit of the code).
Dust tightness test (IP5X and IP6X)
- IP5X – Dust Protected
Dust filtration is not completely excluded, but should not adversely affect the operation or safety of the contents. - IP6X – Dust Tight
Completely dust-tight, no dust particle should penetrate.
Testing method:
The package is placed in a special dust chamber in which fine dust (particles up to 150 μm) is blown around. For IP6X, a vacuum is applied to draw dust in through any openings. The test typically takes eight hours, at a dust concentration of 2-4 kg/m³ and an air speed of 2-3 m/s.
Water resistance test (IPX1 to IPX8)
Depending on the classification to be tested, testing is done with drops, splash water, powerful water jets or full immersion.
Examples:
- IPX4 – Splash water
Tested with an oscillating spray arc or manual spray head. The package is sprayed with water (2.17 l/min for the spray arc, or 10 l/min for the spray head) from all directions for a minimum of five minutes. - IPX7 – Temporary Immersion
The package is placed completely under water at a predetermined depth and duration. - IPX8 – Long-term immersion
Tested under more severe conditions than IPX7, often with specific customer parameters.
Inspection and reporting
After the test, the packaging is visually inspected and it is determined whether dust or water has entered. The results are recorded in an official test report, including measured values, test conditions and photos. This report serves as proof for certification and can be used in audits, tenders and quality documentation.
Certification and reliability
For an IP test to have value, it must be performed by an independent, accredited testing body. This is why we work with reputable partners who have ISO 17025 accreditation. This accreditation guarantees that all measurements are made according to internationally recognized methods and that the test results are objective and reproducible.
The test methods are defined in IEC 60529 and are strictly followed during the process. This means that the conditions, measuring equipment and interpretation of the results are fully in line with the international standard. As a result, you can rest assured that the achieved IP classification is recognized worldwide.
In addition to the test certificate, the client receives a detailed test report. This document includes:
- The exact test conditions and measurement results
- Visual documentation of the test setup and result
- The assigned IP rating
With a valid certificate and accompanying report, you can demonstrate that your packaging meets the requirements of customers, regulations and tenders. This prevents discussions, speeds up approval procedures and increases the reliability of your deliveries.
Faes’ role in this process
An IP test is part of the process when it is included in the predetermined requirements. In that case, Faes accompanies the entire process, from initial analysis to evaluation, so that you, the customer, are assured of packaging that meets the set standards.
Determine requirements
Together with the customer, we identify all relevant product and transport characteristics, as well as applicable standards. Consider dimensions, weight, fragility, transport modalities and any sector- or customer-specific guidelines. This analysis forms the basis for the packaging design and testing requirements.
Design and optimization
Our engineers translate the specifications into packaging that meets all requirements. This includes the choice of materials, the construction of the case or crate, and the interior design that protects the contents. Any improvements from previous test results are incorporated immediately.
Coordinate the test
Faes works with reputable partners to carry out the test professionally and according to proper standards. We take care of the logistical coordination, deliver the packaging to the testing authority and ensure that all documentation is available and correct.
Evaluation and improvement
After completion, we analyze the test results and discuss them with the customer. If necessary, we make improvements in the design or choice of materials so that the packaging performs optimally in practice.
Assurance through tested protection
An IP test according to IEC 60529 conducted by our reputable partners is a reliable way to objectively determine how well a package is resistant to dust and water. The test results provide a globally recognized rating that allows you to demonstrate that your packaging meets the required quality standards.
At Faes, we supervise the complete process, from the design of the packaging to test execution and reporting. In this way, you are assured of a solution that not only passes the test, but is also practical and contributes to the reliability of your deliveries.
Would you like to know which IP classification is suitable for your application or have an IP test performed for your packaging? Contact our specialists for a free consultation and find out how we can best protect your product.